What TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 Voltage Comparator is and How It works

A voltage comparator is an electronic circuit used to compare an input voltage with a known reference voltage, changing its output condition based on whether the input is below or above the reference. This fulfills the need to detect nulls, threshold crossings, and signal amplitudes inside or outside of a specified range. Voltage comparators are categorized into inverting and non-inverting types. The various forms of these comparators include single limit, window, hysteresis voltage range, and three-state voltage comparators. This article provides an overview of the TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 voltage comparator.

What is TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 Voltage Comparator?

The TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 is a single-channel comparator that combines 40 µA low-power consumption with 40 ns high speed in very small packages. This voltage comparator features a 1 mV low offset voltage, large output drive current, and rail-to-rail input. These comparators are very simple to design and are used where response time is crucial. The TLV320x-Q1 family is available in single-channel versions like the TLV3201-Q1 and dual-channel versions like the TLV3202-Q1 with push-pull outputs. The TLV3202Q1 comparator is available in an 8-pin VSSOP package, while the TLV3201-Q1 is available in a 5-pin SC70 package.

TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 Voltage Comparator Pin Configuration:

The pin configuration of the TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 voltage comparator is shown below. This voltage comparator includes 5 pins, which are discussed below.

Pin Configuration:

• Pin1 (OUT): It is an output pin.
• Pin2 (GND): It is a ground pin.
• Pin3 (IN+): It is a positive input pin.
• Pin4 (IN-): It is a negative input pin.
• Pin5 (VCC): It is a positive supply pin.
• Features & Specifications:

The features and specifications of the TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 voltage comparator are discussed below.

• Category: Integrated circuit.
• Manufactured by: Texas Instruments.
• Type of output: Push-pull.
• Voltage supply range: 2.7V to 5.5V.
• Propagation delay: Low, at 40 ns.
• Quiescent current: Low, at 40 µA for each channel.
• Common mode range of input: Extends 200mV beyond any rail.
• Input offset voltage: Low, at 1 mV.
• Package: 5-Pin SC70.
• Maximum input bias current: 0.005 µA.
• Maximum quiescent current: 40 µA.
• Typical CMRR and PSRR: 70 dB CMRR and 85 dB PSRR.
• Hysteresis: 1.2 mV.
• Operating temperature range: -40°C to 125°C.
• Mounting type: Surface mount.

TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 Voltage Comparator Circuit Diagram

The circuit diagram of the TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 is depicted below. This single comparator features push-pull outputs. Like other comparators, it includes two inputs: inverting and non-inverting.

In this comparator circuit, the inverting input is indicated by a minus sign, while the non-inverting input is indicated by a positive sign. The inputs of this comparator resemble those of an operational amplifier, but the output of this comparator indicates a digital logic state.

In the above circuit, the input is a 1 MHz sine wave with a peak amplitude of 200 mV. When the voltage at the non-inverting input exceeds that at the inverting input, the output of the comparator goes high, resulting in 2.5 volts. Conversely, when the voltage at the non-inverting input is lower than that at the inverting input, the output goes low, resulting in -2.5 volts.

The response time of this voltage comparator is 40 ns, referred to as propagation delay or speed. This response time measures the duration from the input threshold crossing until the output changes state. The propagation speed affects how quickly the comparator can switch states and its bandwidth-related specifications. Additionally, this voltage comparator features 1.2 mV of built-in voltage hysteresis, which helps mitigate noise on the input signal.

Voltage Comparator with Hysteresis

The TLV3201 voltage comparator with hysteresis is detailed below for both inverting and non-inverting configurations. Hysteresis influences how the comparator's output alters circuit behavior. This feature is crucial in circuit design because a voltage comparator without hysteresis may change states due to small input fluctuations, which is undesirable.

Inverting Comparator with Hysteresis

The inverting comparator with hysteresis requires a three-resistor network, illustrated in the following circuit. When Vin at the inverting input drops below VA, the output voltage becomes high.

In this circuit, the three resistors are denoted as R1, R2, and R3, where R1 and R3 are connected in series with R2. The low input trip voltage, VA1, can be calculated using the following equation:

VA1 = VCC x R2/ (R1 ||R3) + R2

When Vin exceeds VA, the output voltage of this comparator becomes low. In this scenario, the resistors in the circuit are arranged such that R2 and R3 are connected in series with R1. The high input trip voltage, VA2, is determined by the following equation:

Non-inverting Comparator with Hysteresis

A non-inverting comparator with hysteresis requires a two-resistor circuit, illustrated below, with a reference voltage applied to the inverting input.

When the VIN of this comparator is low, the output is also low. To transition the output from low to high, VIN must rise to VIN1. This is calculated as:

VIN1 = R1 x (VREF/R2) x VREF

When VIN is higher, the output becomes high. To switch this comparator back to a low condition, VIN should decrease to a level equivalent to VREF minus 'VA' before 'VA' becomes equivalent to VREF once more. Thus, VIN can be calculated as:

VIN2 = VREF(R1 + R2) – VCC x R1/R2

The hysteresis of this circuit is the primary difference between VIN1 and VIN2, defined by the following equation.

ΔVin = Vcc x R1/R2

Applications of TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 Voltage Comparator

The applications of the TLV3201AQDCKRQ1 voltage comparator include:

• ECU or Engine Control Units
• BCM or Body Control Modules
• BMS or Battery Management Systems
• Detection of Occupant
• LIDAR & Ultrasonic Ranging
• Infotainment Systems
• HEV or EV Inverter & Motor Control
• Traction & Steering Controllers

This comparator is utilized in scenarios where response time is crucial. The TLV3201-Q1 voltage comparator is particularly well-suited for battery-powered portable applications and fast-switching threshold detection such as zero-cross detection and PWM output monitoring.

This concludes the overview of the TLV3201 voltage comparator, covering pin configuration, specifications, circuit, and applications. This comparator was selected for its affordability and fast response time, typically below 10 ns.

Here's a question for you: What is an operational amplifier?

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